Because words achieve their usefulness by reference to things, however, it is difficult to construct a dictionary without considerable attention to the objects and abstractions designated.Ī monolingual dictionary has both the word list and the explanations in the same language, whereas bilingual or multilingual (polyglot) dictionaries have the explanations in another language or different languages. The distinction between a dictionary and an encyclopaedia is easy to state but difficult to carry out in a practical way: a dictionary explains words, whereas an encyclopaedia explains things. Such works, however, need an index for ease of reference, and it is unlikely that alphabetical order will be superseded except in specialized works. (So too, dictionary order becomes a meaningless term for any language that lacks an alphabet.) The assembling of words into groups related by some principle, as by their meanings, can be done, and such a work is often called a thesaurus or synonymy. The phrase dictionary order takes for granted that alphabetical order will be followed, and yet the alphabetical order has been called a tyranny that makes dictionaries less useful than they might be if compiled in some other order. The compilation of a dictionary is lexicography lexicology is a branch of linguistics in which, with the utmost scientific rigour, the theories that lexicographers use in the solution of their problems are developed. Scholars in England sometimes use lexis to designate this lexical element of language. In this sense, a preliterate culture has a lexicon long before its units are written in a dictionary. The word lexicon designates a wordbook, but it also has a special abstract meaning among linguists, referring to the body of separable structural units of which the language is made up. You may be smarter than a fifth grader…but what about an eleventh grader? Press “start” on this quiz to find out how many of these vocabulary words you already know. A word list that consists of geographic names only is called a gazetteer. Theoretically, a good dictionary could be compiled by organizing into one list a large number of concordances. When a word list is an index to a limited body of writing, with references to each passage, it is called a concordance. A short list, sometimes at the back of a book, is often called a glossary. The list may attempt to be a complete inventory of a language or may be only a small segment of it. The word dictionary comes from the Latin dictio, “the act of speaking,” and dictionarius, “a collection of words.” Although encyclopaedias are a different type of reference work, some use the word dictionary in their names (e.g., biographical dictionaries).īasically, a dictionary lists a set of words with information about them. A dictionary may also provide quotations illustrating a word’s use, and these may be dated to show the earliest known uses of the word in specified senses.
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In addition to its basic function of defining words, a dictionary may provide information about their pronunciation, grammatical forms and functions, etymologies, syntactic peculiarities, variant spellings, and antonyms.
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#E.t. wordbook how to#
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